GENETICS E PRODUCTIVITY

GENETICS
The plant develops following its own "genotype", that is the natural guide of the genetic characteristics proper to the species and the variety. The genotype manifests itself conditioned by the environment where the plant is cultivated, thus determining the "phenotype".
It is important that genetic research should provide more productive varieties which are more resistant to diseases and which can achieve better qualitative characteristics.
This can be achieved through the selection both in the choice and in the constitution of the hybrids of the seeds and of the clones by multiplication obtained by cutting or by grafting.
Especially through micropropagation, using parts of meristematic tissues of plants, individuals with superior genetic characteristics can be obtained.

PRODUCTIVITY
The maximum productive capacity of a plant starts from its genetic potential. Then there are a whole series of external and internal negative influences that can reduce their performance. They can be negative:

1. Soil adversity: physical-chemical soil abnormalities due to compaction, waterlogging , unsuitable pH, deficiency/excess of macro, meso and micro nutrients.
2. Adverse weather conditions: extreme temperatures/light or excess of precipitation (rain, hail).
3. Parasitic attacks: fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas can attack and weaken the plant by reducing its productivity depending on the degree of attack until death or total loss of productivity.
4. Insect attacks: various types of insects can attack and weaken the plant by reducing its productivity depending on the degree of attack until total loss of productivity.
5. Incorrect agronomic management: sometimes the management of physical, chemical and microbiological fertility of the soil is not well planned, and it has negative consequences on the productivity of the plant. Examples may be excesses in fertilisation, which cause increases salinity in the soil, nutritional imbalance and antagonism to nutrient uptake, or wrong cultivation techniques (inadequate working of the soil, incorrect management of water, pruning technique during traning and production stages).

Biokimia provides adequate solutions to reduce stress and guarantee a prompt recovery of the plant, always respecting the biological limits typical of the species / variety. The best work will consist in using technologies, products, cultivation techniques that allow to increase the texture of the tissues, the general resistance of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses and will work, as far as possible, on the pedoclimatic environment to make it more suitable for the development of plant grown in place of pathogens and parasites.